Low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly disease around the world, is predominantly
caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). LBP also presents a substantial …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic skeletal muscle degenerative disease,
which is considered the main cause of low back pain. It seriously affects the quality of life of …

Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is widely accepted as a cause of low back
pain and related degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are the key early events in the development of
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential alternatives for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in
the treatment of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc …

Oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathological mechanisms for the
progression of tissue degeneration. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) features antioxidant …

Ferroptosis is a specialized form of regulated cell death that is charactered by iron‐
dependent lethal lipid peroxidation, a process associated with multiple diseases. However …

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are conditions that can affect muscles, bones, and joints.
These disorders are very painful and severely limit patients' mobility and are more common …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extracellular nanovesicles that deliver diverse cargoes to the
cell and participate in cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived EVs are …