Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

Background Haemoglobinopathies constitute the commonest recessive monogenic
disorders worldwide, and the treatment of affected individuals presents a substantial global …

Identifying causal factors for Mendelian and common diseases is an ongoing challenge in
medical genetics. Population bottleneck events, such as those that occurred in the history of …

Antibodies can impact pathogens in the presence or in the absence of effector cells or
effector molecules such as complement, and experiments can often sort out with precision …

Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process where sequential events ensure the proper
differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into, ultimately, red blood cells (RBCs) …

Although information about the precise world distribution and frequency of the inherited
hemoglobin disorders is still limited, there is no doubt that they are going to pose an …

Malaria has been the pre-eminent cause of early mortality in many parts of the world
throughout much of the last five thousand years and, as a result, it is the strongest force for …

Clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum infection are induced by the asexual
stages of the parasite that develop inside red blood cells (RBCs). Because splenic …

Background Haemoglobinopathies can reduce the risk of malaria syndromes. We aimed to
quantify the relation between different haemoglobin mutations and malaria protection to …

Sickle cell anaemia is a major chapter within haemolytic anaemias; at the same time, its
epidemiology is a remarkable signature of the past and present world distribution of …