Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled species richness and levels of endemism,
which have led, in combination with species extinction caused by an unprecedented rate of …

The evolution and diversification of ancient megathermal angiosperm lineages with Africa-
India origins in Asian tropical forests is poorly understood because of the lack of reliable …

This article addresses the challenges involved in estimating the ages of clades using fossils
and DNA sequences. We review the principles and problems of placing fossils in trees of …

This fourth edition of Plant Systematics is completely revised and updated. It incorporates
the updated International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (Shenzhen …

The main phases of plant dispersal into, and out of the South-East Asian region are
discussed in relation to plate tectonics and changing climates. The South-East Asian area …

Annonaceae are a pantropically distributed family found predominantly in rainforests, so
they are megathermal taxa, whereas Rhamnaceae are a cosmopolitan family that tend to be …

Aim Rain forest‐restricted plant families show disjunct distributions between the three major
tropical regions: South America, Africa and Asia. Explaining these disjunctions has become …

Background Tropical rain forests are the most diverse terrestrial ecosystems on the planet.
How this diversity evolved remains largely unexplained. In Africa, rain forests are situated in …

The evolution of different forms of pollen aggregation (tetrads, polyads, pollen threads,
pollinia) from individual monads is a recurring transition in angiosperm history, having …

Background New powerful biogeographic methods have focused attention on long-standing
hypotheses regarding the influence of the break-up of Gondwana on the biogeography of …