Until recent events, the Antarctic was the only major geographical region in which high
pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) had never previously been detected. Here we …

Until recent events, the Antarctic was the only major geographical region in which high
pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) had never previously been detected. The …

Abstract The highly pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has caused a global
outbreak affecting both wild and domestic animals, predominantly avian species. To date …

The risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Southern Ocean: a practical guide for
operators and scientists interacting Page 1 The risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the …

Simple Summary A concerning highly pathogenic avian influenza caused widespread
outbreaks among birds and wildlife at a global level. First identified in South America in …

Wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). It is estimated
that 100 million seabirds live in the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands, regularly …

Abstract Suspected cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) were detected in
Adélie penguins and Antarctic shags at the southernmost latitude so far in Antarctica, at two …

Antarctica is a unique environment due to its extreme meteorological and geological
conditions. In addition to this, its relative isolation from human influences has kept it …

Environmental conservation requires identification of biological and ecological values,
application of protection measures and, thereafter, regular and periodic sampling. The …

Despite being the most numerous penguin species in South America, exposure of the
Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) to pathogens has not yet been thoroughly …