The cGAS–STING signalling axis, comprising the synthase for the second messenger cyclic
GMP–AMP (cGAS) and the cyclic GMP–AMP receptor stimulator of interferon genes …

Abstract Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) senses misplaced genomic,
mitochondrial, and microbial double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to synthesize 2′ 3′-cGAMP …

The detection of pathogens through nucleic acid sensors is a defining principle of innate
immunity. RNA-sensing and DNA-sensing receptors sample subcellular compartments for …

In addition to constituting the genetic material of an organism, DNA is a tracer for the
recognition of foreign pathogens and a trigger of the innate immune system. cGAS functions …

The recognition of microbial nucleic acids is a major mechanism by which the immune
system detects pathogens. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Since the discovery of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as an important pivot for
cytosolic DNA sensation and interferon (IFN) induction, intensive efforts have been …

Misfolded, potentially toxic proteins in the lumen and membrane of the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) are eliminated by proteasomes in the cytosol through ER-associated …

The Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play pivotal
roles in many aspects of the immune response, including immune cell development and …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …