Phages are now acknowledged as the most abundant microorganisms on the planet and
are also possibly the most diversified. This diversity is mostly driven by their dynamic …

Prokaryotes have evolved several defence mechanisms to protect themselves from viral
predators. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their …

The activity of bacteriophages poses a major threat to bacterial survival. Upon infection, a
temperate phage can either kill the host cell or be maintained as a prophage. In this state …

Bacteria have a range of distinct immune strategies that provide protection against
bacteriophage (phage) infections. While much has been learned about the mechanism of …

Inland aquaculture contributed by three major fish groups, including carps, tilapias, and
catfish plays a vital role in global food security and nutrition, particularly in low and middle …

Bacteriophages (phages) specifically infect bacteria and are the most abundant biological
entities on Earth. The constant exposure to phage infection imposes a strong selective …

The investigation of the microbial populations of the human body, known as the microbiome,
has led to a revolutionary field of science, and understanding of its impacts on human …

There is renewed interest in bacterial viruses (phages) as alternatives to antibiotics. All
phage treatments to date have used virulent phages rather than temperate ones, as these …

Most organisms on the planet have viruses that infect them. Viral infection may lead to cell
death, or to a symbiotic relationship where the genomes of both virus and host replicate …

Bacteria possess (bacterio) phage defence systems to ensure their survival. The
thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in dairy …