The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the effects of physical exercise in the
treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are …

Background Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome coexisting sarcopenia and osteopenia/
osteoporosis, with a high fracture risk. Recently, skeletal muscle and bone have been …

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that
have a critical role in the maintenance of skeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage, and the fat …

Bone and muscle tissues influence each other through the integration of mechanical and
biochemical signals, giving rise to bone–muscle crosstalk. They are also known to secrete …

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive generalized skeletal muscle disorder that causes
the accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. Osteoporosis is a systemic condition of …

Importance Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by age-
related deterioration in muscle and bone. Despite the established relevance of frailty and …

Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just
the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of …

The prevalence of osteoporosis has been on the rise globally. With ageing populations,
research has sought therapeutic solutions in novel areas. One such area is that of the …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder characterized by a
decrease in bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microstructure. Despite the high …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints.
Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients …