The electrification of volcanic ash plumes and the occurrence of volcanic lightning are now
known to be common phenomena during explosive volcanic eruptions. This knowledge …

A series of publications purport to provide evidence that the Earth was subjected to an
extraterrestrial event or events at∼ 12.9 ka creating an environmental cataclysm and the …

The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the
time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes …

Lightning is often observed during explosive volcanic eruptions, and the charging processes
associated with these displays have been attributed to several mechanisms. In this work we …

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hazardous and destructive phenomena that pose a
significant threat to communities living in the proximity of active volcanoes. PDCs are ground …

Several recent papers have purported to find ultra-reduced minerals—as natural examples—
within ophiolitic mantle sections, including SiC moissanite, Fe-Si alloys, various metal …

Advances in global lightning detection have provided novel ways to characterize explosive
volcanism. However, researchers are still at the early stages of understanding how volcanic …

The effects of water and temperature on the triboelectrification of granular materials have
been reported by numerous authors, but have not been studied robustly in the context of …

The lateral collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia, in December 2018 highlighted the
potentially devastating impacts of volcanic edifice instability. Nonetheless, the trigger for the …

The physical properties of minerals are modified by the high temperatures of volcanic
lightning during explosive eruptions. Alteration involves rapid heating and volatilization …