Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits form in a suite of hydrothermal settings across a
range of depths. Many deposits are of a tonnage and mineral grade comparable to land …

The Okinawa Trough is a heavily sedimented, rifted back-arc basin formed in an
intracontinental rift zone. Submarine hydrothermal activity is located within the six back-arc …

Seabed fluid flow involves the flow of gases and liquids through the seabed. Such fluids
have been found to leak through the seabed into the marine environment in seas and …

The discovery of metal-depositing hot springs on the sea floor, and especially their link to
chemosynthetic life, was among the most compelling and significant scientific advances of …

The InterRidge Vents Database is available online as the authoritative reference for
locations of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields. Here we describe the revision of the …

Brothers volcano, of the Kermadec intraoceanic arc, is host to a hydrothermal system unique
among seafloor hydrothermal systems known anywhere in the world. It has two distinct vent …

Brothers volcano, which is part of the active Kermadec arc, northeast of New Zealand, forms
an elongate edifice 13 km long by 8 km across that strikes northwest-southeast. The volcano …

Sea-floor massive sulfide deposits represent a new type of base and precious metal
resources that may be exploited by future deep-sea mining operations. These deposits …

Land to ocean transfer of material largely controls the chemical composition of seawater and
the global element cycles. Oceanic isotopic budgets of chemical species, macro-and …

The marine-biodiversity assessment of New Zealand (Aotearoa as known to Māori) is
confined to the 200 nautical-mile boundary of the Exclusive Economic Zone, which, at 4.2 …