Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review
provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt …

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

Salt stress simultaneously causes ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, which
directly impact plant growth and development. Plants have developed numerous strategies …

Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma
membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear …

Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors threatening food security worldwide. Recently, our
understanding of early processes underlying salinity tolerance has expanded. In this review …

Cell membranes are the initial site of stimulus perception from environment and
phospholipids are the basic and important components of cell membranes. Phospholipases …

SNF 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SnRK2) is a family of plant-specific protein kinases
which is the key regulator of hyper-osmotic stress signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as a new class of lipid mediators involved in diverse
cellular functions in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Considerable progress has been …

Exposure to low temperatures is one of the most important plant abiotic stress factors. In this
review we describe the damages that chilling and/or freezing temperatures can cause to …

Abstract Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of
the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different …