Research on inequality in punishment has a long and storied history, yet the overwhelming
focus has been on episodic disparity in isolated stages of criminal case processing (eg …

The protests following the killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020 led to contentious
discussions and debates in many cities about policing, with some calling to “defund the …

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a
relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in …

We systematically review the effectiveness of police presence. In doing so, we investigate
concepts of police presence and differences between reported effects. Using the Preferred …

The goal of predictive policing is to forecast where and when crimes will take place in the
future. The idea has captured the imagination of law enforcement agencies around the …

Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context, Ninth Edition, is a highly acclaimed textbook
offering a broad perspective on criminological theory. It provides students of criminology and …

Two principles should form the bedrock for effective policing in a democratic society. The first
is that crimes averted, not arrests made, should be the primary metric for judging police …

No topic is more polarizing than guns and gun control. From a gun culture that took root
early in American history to the mass shootings that repeatedly bring the public discussion of …

'Stop and search'is a form of police-citizen interaction that is confrontational, often stressful
for those involved, and potentially damaging to the relationship between police and public …

The New York Police Department (NYPD) under Operation Impact deployed extra police
officers to high crime areas designated as impact zones. Officers were encouraged to …