Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as" resting versus activated" and" M1 versus M2." …

Executive summary The 2024 update of the Lancet Commission on dementia provides new
hopeful evidence about dementia prevention, intervention, and care. As people live longer …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the
regulation of metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been …

Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, help to regulate brain function by removing
dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse
functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases …

Astrocytes control multiple processes in the nervous system in health and disease. It is now
clear that specific astrocyte subsets or activation states are associated with specific genomic …

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, increases rapidly
with age, but why age constitutes the main risk factor is still poorly understood. Brain ageing …

Dysregulation of the immune system is a cardinal feature of Alzheimer disease (AD), and a
considerable body of evidence indicates pathological alterations in central and peripheral …

Microglia were first recognized as a distinct cell population in the CNS one century ago. For
a long time, they were primarily considered to be phagocytes responsible for removing …