Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), commonly known as endotoxin, is ubiquitous and the most-
studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern. A component of Gram-negative bacteria …

Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is characterized by the
accumulation of lipids in the liver (steatosis). In predisposed individuals, liver steatosis can …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Altered intestinal microbiota is associated with systemic and intestinal diseases, such as
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiotic microbiota with enhanced proinflammatory …

For many decades, glucocorticoids have been widely used as the gold standard treatment
for inflammatory conditions. Unfortunately, their clinical use is limited by severe adverse …

The gut microbiome, a crucial component of the human system, is a diverse collection of
microbes that belong to the gut of human beings as well as other animals. These microbial …

Sepsis is a severe reaction and excessive immune response to infection, which can lead to
organ dysfunction, and death. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of nano …

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response
to infection. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids exhibit a wide variety of biological …

Abstract Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing proteins play a critical role in
immune responses in diverse organisms, but their function in bacterial systems remains to …

Background and objective Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality
rate of 35–46% depending on its severity. Animal models are crucial to better understand …