Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

Human activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global
scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity …

Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …

The structure and function of alpine grassland ecosystems, including their extensive soil
carbon stocks, are largely shaped by temperature. The Tibetan Plateau in particular has …

Climate change is causing extensive alterations to ecosystems globally, with some more
vulnerable than others. Alpine ecosystems, characterised by low-temperatures and …

Understanding the dynamics of methane (CH 4) emissions is of paramount importance
because CH 4 has 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and is …

Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome. Remote-
sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased …

Soils are sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, but emissions
from permafrost-affected soils have been considered negligible owing to nitrogen (N) …