When assessing causal effects, determining the target population to which the results are
intended to generalize is a critical decision. Randomized and observational studies each …

Propensity score methods are a widely recommended approach to adjust for confounding
and to recover treatment effects with non-experimental, single-level data. This article reviews …

Background Several countries are expanding their paternity leave policies, which can have
positive effects on parental mental health. We examined whether 2 weeks of paid paternity …

Abstract The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective
longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and …

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on societies, with possible
consequences for their fundamental values. Inglehart's revised modernization theory links …

Household food insecurity is independently associated with adverse health outcomes
among Canadians, but its association with overweight and obesity is poorly understood …

Background Prior studies suggested that antidepressant use is associated with an increased
risk of dementia compared to no use, which is subject to confounding by indication. We …

Prior work in causal inference has shown that using survey sampling weights in the
propensity score estimation stage and the outcome model stage for binary treatments can …

Causal inference analyses often use existing observational data, which in many cases has
some clustering of individuals. In this paper, we discuss propensity score weighting methods …

Introduction Cigarettes with higher levels of filter ventilation (FV) are misperceived as less
harmful and may be more appealing to consumers. Setting limits on FV has been …