The simplicity of hard spheres as a model system is deceptive. Although the particles
interact solely through volume exclusion, that nevertheless suffices for a wealth of static and …

Since their invention in 1986 by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues, optical tweezers have
become an essential tool in several fields of physics, spectroscopy, biology …

Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trap**, and
manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work …

Engines are systems and devices that convert one form of energy into another, typically into
a more useful form that can perform work. In the classical setup, physical, chemical, and …

We consider a Brownian particle which, in addition to being in contact with a thermal bath, is
driven by fluctuating forces which stem from active processes in the system, such as self …

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in
particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical …

Abstract Information is physical, a realization that has transformed the physics of
measurement and communication. However, the flow between information, energy and …

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of
the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under …

Starting at the mesoscopic level with a general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics in
terms of Markov jump processes, the scaling conditions that ensure the emergence of a …

Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the second law of
thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they consume free energy …