Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

In 1892, JL Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli
as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone …

A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and
the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the …

The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in
all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood–brain and inner retinal barriers) that …

The vascular endothelium is constantly exposed to mechanical forces, including fluid shear
stress exerted by the flowing blood. Endothelial cells can sense different flow patterns and …

Because of structural and cellular differences (ie, degrees of matrix abundance and cross-
linking, mural cell density, and adventitia), large and medium-sized vessels, in comparison …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

Endothelial responses to fluid shear stress are essential for vascular development and
physiology, and determine the formation of atherosclerotic plaques at regions of disturbed …

One of the recent paradigm shifts in stem cell biology has been the discovery that stem cells
can begin to differentiate into mature tissue cells when exposed to intrinsic properties of the …