It has long been recognized that certain sites within a protein, such as sites in the protein
core or catalytic residues in enzymes, are evolutionarily more conserved than other sites …

Error s in protein synthesis disrupt cellular fitness, cause disease phenotypes and shape
gene and genome evolution. Experimental and theoretical results on this topic have …

Analysis of proteins commonly requires the partition of their structure into regions such as
the surface, interior, or interface. Despite the frequent use of such categorization, no …

The rapidly increasing amount of data on human genetic variation has resulted in a growing
demand to identify pathogenic mutations computationally, as their experimental validation is …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which play essential roles in many
important biological processes. Therefore, their dysfunction is associated with a variety of …

Contemporary protein architectures can be regarded as molecular fossils, historical imprints
that mark important milestones in the history of life. Whereas sequences change at a …

The spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2, the protein that enables the virus to infect
human cells, is the basis for many vaccines and a hotspot of concerning virus evolution …

Structural properties of a protein residue's microenvironment have long been implicated as
agents of selective constraint. Although these properties are inherently quantitative, structure …

Highlights•Robustness relates to mutations having minimal effects on structure and
function.•Innovability means that beneficial functional changes are induced by few …

Many species of bacteria can spread over a moist surface via a particular form of collective
motion known as" surface swarming". This form of motility is typically studied by inoculating …