Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins that accumulate in various shellfish species
and have been associated with severe gastrointestinal human intoxications since 1995. This …

The long-lasting interest in bioactive molecules (namely toxins) produced by (microalga)
dinoflagellates has risen in recent years. Exhibiting wide diversity and complexity, said …

Phytoplankton are prominent organisms that contain numerous bioactive substances and
secondary metabolites, including toxins, which can be valuable to pharmaceutical …

Microcystis blooms occur worldwide and threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Sublethal effects on early developmental stages of fish are largely unknown, and research …

It has been almost a decade since a previously unknown human toxic syndrome,
azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), emerged as the cause of severe gastrointestinal illness in …

The identification of a new suite of toxins, called azaspiracids (AZA), as the cause of human
illnesses after the consumption of shellfish from the Irish west coast in 1995, resulted in …

Background Seafood toxins pose an important risk to human health, and maximum levels
were imposed by regulatory authorities throughout the world. Several toxin groups are …

Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine dinoflagellate toxins that accumulate in shellfish
and represent an emerging human health risk. Although human exposure is primarily …

Phycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by micro-algae. Through accumulation in the
food chain, these toxins may concentrate in different marine organisms, including filter …

SUMMARY Theobromine (3, 7-dihydro-3, 7-dimethyl-H-purine-2, 6-dione) is a colourless
and odourless 3, 7-dimethylxanthine with a slightly bitter taste naturally present in the cacao …