We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

The ecological co‐dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a
mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms …

Papers on sexual selection often highlight the incredible diversity of sexually selected traits
across animals. Yet, few studies have tried to explain why this diversity evolved. Animals use …

In many species that fight over resources, individuals use specialized structures to gain a
mechanical advantage over their rivals during contests (ie weapons). Although weapons are …

Studying macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic variation and their driving forces in large
radiations can shed light on how biodiversity is generated across broad spatiotemporal …

The field of comparative biomechanics examines how form, mechanical properties and
environmental interactions shape the function of biological structures. Biomechanics has …

As functional morphologists, we aim to connect structures, mechanisms, and emergent
higher-scale phenomena (eg, behavior), with the ulterior motive of addressing evolutionary …

The PicoCam system is a multi‐camera photogrammetry rig used for generating high‐
resolution 3D models of animals in the field, or preserved specimens in laboratory or …

Abstract Background The Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are characterised by their
large beaks, and are renowned for their ability to produce high bite forces. These birds also …

Observations of maxillary (upper bill) bending in hummingbirds have been considered an
optical illusion, yet a recent description of out-of-phase opening and closing between their …