While the fifth-generation systems are being rolled out across the globe, researchers have
turned their attention to the exploration of radical next-generation solutions. At this early …

Recent intensive and extensive development of the fifth-generation (5G) of cellular networks
has led to their deployment throughout much of the world. As part of this implementation …

In order to tackle the rapidly growing number of mobile devices and their expanding
demands for Internet services, network convergence is envisaged to integrate different …

Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of
the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are …

The evolving explosion in high data rate services and applications will soon require the use
of untapped, abundant unregulated spectrum of the visible light for communications to …

This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO)
communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the …

The expectation for communication systems beyond 5G/6G is to provide high reliability, high
throughput, low latency, and high energy efficiency services. The integration between …

Wireless communications refer to data transmissions in unguided propagation media
through the use of wireless carriers such as radio frequency (RF) and visible light (VL) …

Abstract Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a subset of Optical Wireless Communication
(OWC) originally based on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for data transmission in an …

The growing demand for location-based services in areas like virtual reality, robot control,
and navigation has intensified the focus on indoor localization. Visible light positioning …