A large literature shares the view that social norms shape human cooperation, but without a
clean empirical identification of the relevant norms almost every behaviour can be …

Humans are an intensely social species, frequently performing costly behaviors that benefit
others. Efforts to solve the evolutionary puzzle of altruism have a lengthy history, and recent …

Minimizing the costs that others impose upon oneself and upon those in whom one has a
fitness stake, such as kin and allies, is a key adaptive problem for many organisms. Our …

Game theory is central to understanding human behavior and relevant to all of the
behavioral sciences—from biology and economics, to anthropology and political science …

Understanding the proximate and ultimate sources of human cooperation is a fundamental
issue in all behavioural sciences. In this paper, we review the experimental evidence on …

We investigate the emergence and enforcement of contribution norms to public goods in
homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. With survey data we demonstrate that …

Punishment has been proposed as being central to two distinctively human phenomena:
cooperation in groups and morality. Here we investigate moralistic punishment, a behavior …

This paper reports an experiment examining the effect of social norms on pro-social
behavior. We test two predictions derived from work in psychology regarding the influence of …

Evolutionary theories of morality, beginning with Darwin, have focused on explanations for
altruism. More generally, these accounts have concentrated on conscience (self-regulatory …

This paper reviews the meaning and measurement of unobserved economies germane to
tax evasion and macroeconomic information systems. These include the unreported, non …