Most individuals adjust their caffeine intake according to the objective and subjective effects
induced by the methylxanthine. However, to reach the desired effects, the quantity of …

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is usually identified as a
stimulant because of a high content of caffeine. However, caffeine is not the only coffee …

Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of
Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows: Supplementation with …

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging …

Caffeine is a widely recognized psychostimulant compound with a long history of
consumption by humans. While it has received a significant amount of attention there is still …

Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the
world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

We investigated the elimination routes for the 200 drugs that are sold most often by
prescription count in the United States. The majority (78%) of the hepatically cleared drugs …

The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are key enzymes in cancer formation and cancer treatment.
They mediate the metabolic activation of numerous precarcinogens and participate in the …

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes first attracted interest because of their
relevance to the metabolism of drugs, steroids, and carcinogens. Collectively, the 57 human …