Formal methods are mathematically based techniques for the rigorous development of
software-intensive systems. The railway signaling domain is a field in which formal methods …

Safety‐critical systems are designed to prevent catastrophic consequences from failure,
such as injury or death to humans and environmental damage. These must be carefully …

Background The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide critical problem, especially in
develo** countries. CKD patients usually begin their treatment in advanced stages, which …

Biomedical signal acquisition systems are software-intensive medical systems composed of
processors, transducers, amplifiers, filters, and converters. We present in this article a formal …

Formal methods have been applied widely to verifying the safety requirements of
communication-based train control (CBTC) systems, while the problem situations could be …

Embedded systems are widely used in various devices. PRES+ (Petri net-based
Representation for Embedded Systems) has been used to model and analyze embedded …

The Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) system plays an important role in ensuring safe and
efficient rail transportation operations. It is mainly responsible for the implementation and …

Train-centric communication-based train control (TcCBTC) system is characterised by core
functions centralised into on-board facilities with simplified trackside equipment. Coloured …

Causal broadcast is one of the fundamental algorithms in distributed systems. These
algorithms use two techniques, Carrying delivered messages (DM) and Carrying meta …

The properties of dynamic interactions in mobile-interactive systems are still difficult to
analyze because of the complexity of systems. Thus, we have proposed a new Petri net …