The metabolic stress occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers T cell anti-
tumor immunity by disturbing T cell metabolic and epigenetic programs. Recent studies are …

Cancer metastasis is a biologically complex process that remains a major challenge in the
oncology clinic, accounting for nearly all of the mortality associated with malignant …

Hypoxia is prevalent in human tumours and contributes to microenvironments that shape
cancer evolution and adversely affect therapeutic outcomes. Historically, two different …

Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex
ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune …

Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of
tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Simple Summary The relationship between the immune system and tumours is currently one
of the most studied topics in the field of cancer. Previously, it was thought that a tumour could …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Lung cancer is a major global health problem, as it is the leading cause of cancer-related
deaths worldwide. Major advances in the identification of key mutational alterations have led …

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model,
specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage …