[HTML][HTML] 4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update

MM Bissell, F Raimondi, LA Ali, BD Allen… - Journal of …, 2023 - Elsevier
Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of
cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging …

25 years of contrast-enhanced MRI: developments, current challenges and future perspectives

J Lohrke, T Frenzel, J Endrikat, FC Alves, TM Grist… - Advances in …, 2016 - Springer
In 1988, the first contrast agent specifically designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist®), became available for clinical use. Since then, a …

4D flow MRI

M Markl, A Frydrychowicz, S Kozerke… - Journal of Magnetic …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Traditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods
is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial …

[HTML][HTML] 4D flow imaging with MRI

Z Stankovic, BD Allen, J Garcia, KB Jarvis… - … diagnosis and therapy, 2014 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for the clinical evaluation
of patients with cardiovascular disease. Since its introduction in the late 1980s, 2 …

[HTML][HTML] Aortic flow patterns and wall shear stress maps by 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of aortic dilatation in bicuspid aortic valve …

JΩF Rodríguez-Palomares, L Dux-Santoy… - Journal of …, 2018 - Elsevier
Background In patients with bicuspid valve (BAV), ascending aorta (AAo) dilatation may be
caused by altered flow patterns and wall shear stress (WSS). These differences may explain …

Wall shear stress predicts aortic dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve

A Guala, L Dux-Santoy, G Teixido-Tura… - Cardiovascular …, 2022 - jacc.org
Objectives This study sought to assess the predictive value of wall shear stress (WSS) for
colocalized ascending aorta (AAo) growth rate (GR) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve …

[HTML][HTML] Comprehensive 4D velocity map** of the heart and great vessels by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

M Markl, PJ Kilner, T Ebbers - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic …, 2011 - Elsevier
Background Phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is able to measure
all three directional components of the velocities of blood flow relative to the three spatial …

[HTML][HTML] Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging

KS Nayak, JF Nielsen, MA Bernstein, M Markl… - Journal of …, 2015 - Elsevier
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phase contrast imaging has undergone a wide
range of changes with the development and availability of improved calibration procedures …

Enhancement of cerebrovascular 4D flow MRI velocity fields using machine learning and computational fluid dynamics simulation data

DR Rutkowski, A Roldán-Alzate, KM Johnson - Scientific reports, 2021 - nature.com
Blood flow metrics obtained with four-dimensional (4D) flow phase contrast (PC) magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) can be of great value in clinical and experimental cerebrovascular …

Aortic 4D flow MRI in 2 minutes using compressed sensing, respiratory controlled adaptive k‐space reordering, and inline reconstruction

LE Ma, M Markl, K Chow, H Huh… - Magnetic resonance …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a free‐breathing 4D flow technique
using compressed sensing (CS), where 4D flow imaging of the thoracic aorta is performed in …