Calcium (Ca2+) is a major second messenger in cells and is essential for the fate and
survival of all higher organisms. Different Ca2+ channels, pumps, or exchangers regulate …

The proteins of the BCL-2 family are known as key regulators of apoptosis, with interactions
between family members determining permeabilisation of the mitochondrial outer …

While calcium‐overload‐mediated therapy (COMT) is a promising but largely untapped
therapeutic strategy, combinatory therapy greatly boosts treatment outcomes with integrated …

Ions are the cornerstones of various biological functions and have been widely used for
tumor therapy, called ion interference therapy (IIT). Calcium ion (Ca 2+) is one of the most …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the therapy of infectious diseases and
cancer. One of the major mechanisms of MDR is the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs) …

Cancer cells proliferate, differentiate and migrate by repurposing physiological signalling
mechanisms. In particular, altered calcium signalling is emerging as one of the most …

The innate immune system is the first line of host defense, and it is capable of resisting both
exogenous pathogenic challenges and endogenous danger signals via different pattern …

The challenges posed by low immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment (TME) significantly hinder the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy …

Highlights•Drug resistance of cancer cells, which results in treatment failure, is a major
concern in medical oncology.•Ca 2+ plays an important role in acquired drug resistance by …

Immunotherapy occupies an increasingly important place in the field of tumor treatment. The
cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, which is …