The performance and effects of 12 different structures of stents in the bile duct were
compared and used the finite element method. Numerical models of the 12 kinds of fluid …

Many epithelia secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid to generate flow, alter viscosity, control pH and
potentially protect luminal and intracellular structures from chemical stress. Bicarbonate is a …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have recently been used for magnetic
actuation of robots for minimally invasive medical operations. Due to MRI's high soft‐tissue …

The function of the liver depends critically on its blood supply. Numerous in silico models
have been developed to study various aspects of the hepatic circulation, including not only …

Gallbladder disease is one of the most spread pathologies in the world. Despite the number
of operations dealing with biliary surgery increases, the number of postoperative …

The mechanics of bile flow in the biliary system plays an important role in studying bile stasis
and gallstone formation. Bile duct stricture is an abnormal phenomenon that refers to the bile …

The paper presents an experimental study of pathological human bile taken from the
gallbladder and bile ducts. The flow dependences were obtained for different types of bile …

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are an important risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma, though their
etiology remains debated. Given the vital role of bile fluid in digestive processes within the …

Biliary diseases are the third most common cause of surgical digestive disease. There is a
close relationship between the mechanical performance of the bile duct and its physiological …

The aim of the present paper is to develop an analytical model for description of the
pathological bile flow in the major duodenal papilla duct with a calculus. The problem is …