Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes commonly adopt a thin film composite
(TFC) structure featuring a polyamide rejection layer formed on a porous substrate. Recent …

Despite several technological advancements and achievements, wastewater treatment
continues to be a fundamental global issue. The wastewater, which contains heavy metal …

Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment over the past few
decades. However, membrane fouling remains a hinderance for the widespread use of …

Over the past decades, water scarcity and security have significantly stimulated the
advances of reverse osmosis (RO) technology, which dominates the global desalination …

Membrane-based separations for water purification and desalination have been
increasingly applied to address the global challenges of water scarcity and the pollution of …

One of the greatest challenges to the sustainability of modern society is an inadequate
supply of clean water. Due to its energy-saving and cost-effective features, membrane …

Polymeric membranes are an energy‐efficient means of purifying water, but they suffer from
fouling during filtration. Modification of the membrane surface is one route to mitigating …

Water is a critical component for humans to survive, especially in arid lands or areas where
fresh water is scarce. Hence, desalination is an excellent way to effectuate the increasing …

The utilization of osmosis for engineered applications sparked off various emerging
technologies relying on osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs). Represented by …

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for
municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The major drawback impeding wider …