Just as glaciers worldwide left a record of past advances and retreats that shifted latitudinally
in response to oscillating Quaternary climate changes, so too have cold-climate conditions …

Despite vast scientific inquiry, the evolution of Appalachian Mountain topography in eastern
North America has yet to be robustly explained. After a century and a half of investigation …

Clay weathering in shales is an important component of the global Li budget because Li is
mobilized from Li-rich clay minerals and shale represents about one quarter of the exposed …

In unglaciated terrain, the imprint of past glacial periods is difficult to discern. The
topographic signature of periglacial processes, such as solifluction lobes, may be erased or …

Fractures in Earth's critical zone influence groundwater flow and storage and promote
chemical weathering. Fractured materials are difficult to characterize on large spatial scales …

Soil climate (soil moisture and temperature) affects many near-surface earth system
processes and ecosystem functions. However, the challenge of acquiring reliable, high …

Studying reaction front propagation in heterogeneous natural settings is challenging, but
numerical simulations can provide insight into the varying spatial and temporal scales of …

The porous near‐surface layer of the Earth's crust–the critical zone–constitutes a vital
reservoir of water for ecosystems, provides baseflow to streams, guides recharge to deep …

The structure of the critical zone (CZ) is a product of feedbacks among hydrologic, climatic,
biotic, and chemical processes. Past research within snow‐dominated systems has shown …

For decades, seismic imaging methods have been used to study the critical zone, Earth's
thin, life‐supporting skin. The vast majority of critical zone seismic studies use traveltime …