Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose
diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used …

Many datasets used in the social sciences have a hierarchical structure, where lower units of
aggregation are 'nested'in higher units. In many disciplines, such data are analyzed using …

Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) will have broad use and
transformative effects across the Department of Energy. Accordingly, the January 2018 Basic …

Over the years, online retailers have increasingly embraced live chat to improve customer
service and facilitate transactions. We examine how online sellers' use of live chat …

Will power plants emit less or more CO2 in anticipation of stronger climate policies that
would strand fossil fuel reserves? Here, using a worldwide data source on individual power …

Cluster-randomized experiments are widely used due to their logistical convenience and
policy relevance. To analyse them properly, we must address the fact that the treatment is …

Understanding and characterizing treatment effect variation in randomized experiments has
become essential for going beyond the “black box” of the average treatment effect …

Nitrogenous fertilizers have nearly doubled global grain yields, but have also increased
losses of reactive N to the environment. Current public investments to improve soil health …

One of the biggest challenges parties in multiparty governments face is making policies
together and overcoming the risk of a policy stalemate. Scholars have devoted much …

ABSTRACT A distinctive feature of a clustered observational study is its multilevel or nested
data structure arising from the assignment of treatment, in a nonrandom manner, to groups …