Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of
malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of …

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid growth and high metastatic capacity.
It has strong epidemiologic and biologic links to tobacco carcinogens. Although the majority …

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Importance Programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy has
changed the approach to first-line treatment in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung …

Background Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is associated with poor
prognosis and treatment options are scarce. Immunotherapy has shown robust clinical …

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. Although SCLC is
characterised by rapid responses to chemotherapy (ChT) and sensitivity to radiotherapy …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Background In the phase III CASPIAN study, first-line durvalumab in combination with
etoposide plus either cisplatin or carboplatin (EP) significantly improved overall survival …

Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease. After more
than two decades without clinical progress, the addition of programmed cell death protein 1 …