Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites synthesized by plants with various
biological activities. Due to their physical and biochemical properties, they are capable of …

The flavonoid pathway produces a diverse array of plant compounds with functions in UV
protection, as antioxidants, pigments, auxin transport regulators, defence compounds …

Flavonoids are biologically active low molecular weight secondary metabolites that are
produced by plants, with over 10,000 structural variants now reported. Due to their physical …

Phenolic acids are the main polyphenols made by plants. These compounds have diverse
functions and are immensely important in plant-microbe interactions/symbiosis. Phenolic …

Chitin is a natural polysaccharide of major importance. This biopolymer is synthesized by an
enormous number of living organisms; considering the amount of chitin produced annually …

It is likely to provide plants with their necessary nutrients using chemical and biological
fertilization. Although chemical fertilization is a quick method, it is not recommendable …

Vermicompost contains plant nutrients including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B,
the uptake of which has a positive effect on plant nutrition, photosynthesis, the chlorophyll …

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant that causes oxidative stress in plants due
to the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phenylpropanoid metabolism is …

Phenols are major compounds produced by plant species as a peripheral stimulus or as a
regulatory defense mechanism under different environmental biotic stresses. These …

Beneficial root-associated rhizospheric microbes play a key role in maintaining host plant
growth and can potentially allow drought-resilient crop production. The complex interaction …