Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, clilling, heavy metal are the major limiting factors
for crop productivity. These stresses induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species …

The persistence of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment causes adverse effects to all
living organisms; HMs accumulate along the food chain affecting different levels of biological …

Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural
fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] contamination is one of the main problems of
environmental protection because the Cr (VI) is a hazard to human health. The Cr (VI) form …

Glutathione is one of the most abundant thiols present in cyanobacteria and proteobacteria,
and in all mitochondria or chloroplast-bearing eukaryotes. In bacteria, in addition to its key …

Ferroptosis is inhibited by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an antioxidant enzyme that
uses reduced glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor to detoxify lipid hydroperoxides. As a …

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme located on the outer membrane of the
cells where it regulates the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular …

The ubiquitous antioxidant thiol tripeptide glutathione is present in millimolar concentrations
in plant tissues and is regarded as one of the major determinants of cellular redox …

Cyanobacteria are the dominant photosynthetic prokaryotes from an ecological, economical,
or evolutionary perspective, and depend on solar energy to conduct their normal life …

Back ground: Clinical trials are testing many types of treatment such as new drugs, new
methods of surgery or radiotherapy, new combinations or new methods such as gene …