▪ Abstract Sustainable development has broad appeal and little specificity, but some
combination of development and environment as well as equity is found in many attempts to …

Third-generation theories of revolution pointed to the structural vulnerabilities of regimes as
the basic causes of revolutions. In the last decade, critics of structural theories have argued …

An influential conventional wisdom holds that civil wars proliferated rapidly with the end of
the Cold War and that the root cause of many or most of these has been ethnic and religious …

Human security is the latest in a long line of neologisms-including common security, global
security, cooperative security, and comprehensive security-that encourage pol-icymakers …

Five factors are shown to be strongly related to civil war duration. Civil wars emerging from
coups or revolutions tend to be short. Civil wars in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet …

Climate change is increasingly been called a 'security'problem, and there has been
speculation that climate change may increase the risk of violent conflict. This paper …

International peacebuilding can improve the prospects that a civil war will be resolved.
Although peacebuilding strategies must be designed to address particular conflicts, broad …

In the literature on civil war onset, several empirical results are not robust or replicable
across studies. Studies use different definitions of civil war and analyze different time …

For the first time in history, the majority of the world population now lives in cities. Global
urbanization will continue at high speed; the world's urban population is projected to …

It has frequently been suggested that exceptionally large youth cohorts, the so-called “youth
bulges,” make countries more susceptible to political violence. Within two prominent …