Publisher Summary Environmental noise can affect acoustic communication through limiting
the broadcast area, or active space, of a signal by decreasing signal-to-noise ratios at the …

Frogs are immediately associated to their conspicuous vocalizations emitted during the
breeding season. Therefore, many scientists were inspired to study their acoustic …

Amphibians, and especially the anurans (frogs and toads), exhibit a greater diversity of
reproductive modes than other tetrapod vertebrates. Twenty-nine reproductive modes have …

The known diversity of dart-poison frog species has grown from 70 in the 1960s to 247 at
present, with no sign that the discovery of new species will wane in the foreseeable future …

Marine ecosystems are suffering severe depletion of apex predators worldwide [1–4]; shark
declines are principally due to conservative life-histories and fisheries overexploitation [5–8] …

Among vertebrates, defensive behaviours have been reviewed for fishes, salamanders,
reptiles, birds, and mammals, but not yet for anuran amphibians. Although several defensive …

Although most of the unique ways that frogs reproduce were described in the 1800s and
1900s, additional modes are still being discovered in the 21st Century. The concept of …

Allometric constraint is a product of natural selection and physical laws, particularly with
respect to body size and traits constrained by properties thereof, such as metabolism …

A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain patterns of species richness
among clades. Differences in rates of net diversification (speciation minus extinction over …

High background noise is an impediment to signal detection and perception. We report the
use of multiple solutions to improve signal perception in the acoustic and visual modality by …