Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread
animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a …

Plants collectively produce hundreds of thousands of specialized metabolites that are not
required for growth or development. Each species has a qualitatively unique profile, with …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

The biological carbon pump is the process by which CO2 is transformed to organic carbon
via photosynthesis, exported through sinking particles, and finally sequestered in the deep …

Pine cones that remain closed and retain seeds until fire causes the cones to open (cone
serotiny) represent a key adaptive trait in a variety of pine species. In lodgepole pine, there …

This paper first reviews the concept of functional diversity in general terms and then applies
it to free-living aquatic ciliates. Ciliates are extremely versatile organisms and display an …

Community-level genetic specificity results when individual genotypes or populations of the
same species support different communities. Our review of the literature shows that genetic …

Plant–microbe symbioses span a continuum from pathogenic to mutualistic, with functional
consequences for both organisms in the symbiosis. In order to increase sustainable food …

Fire became a defining feature of the Earth's processes as soon as land plants evolved 420
million years ago and has played a major role in sha** the composition and physiognomy …

Rapid evolution in ecologically relevant traits has recently been recognized to significantly
alter the interaction between consumers and their resources, a key interaction in all …