One of the greatest challenges to the sustainability of modern society is an inadequate
supply of clean water. Due to its energy-saving and cost-effective features, membrane …

The technique of attaching the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), or PEGylation, has
brought more than ten protein drugs into market. The surface conjugation of PEG on proteins …

Marine fouling is a worldwide challenge with huge damages on industrial structures, side
effects on economics of industries, and environmental and safety-related hazards. Different …

Surface modification and endothelialization of vascular biomaterials are common
approaches that are used to both resist the nonspecific adhesion of proteins and improve …

Surface resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption, cell/bacterial adhesion, and biofilm
formation is critical for the development and performance of biomedical and analytical …

In recent years, zwitterionic materials such as poly (carboxybetaine)(pCB) and poly
(sulfobetaine)(pSB) have been applied to a broad range of biomedical and engineering …

In this work, we show the strong resistance of zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) self-
assembled monolayers (SAMs) to protein adsorption and examine key factors leading to …

This study examined six different polymer and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface
modifications for their interactions with human serum and plasma. It was demonstrated that …

The strong surface hydration layer of nonfouling materials plays a key role in their resistance
to nonspecific protein adsorption. Poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate)(polySBMA) is an effective …

Zwitterionic materials are an important class of antifouling biomaterials for various
applications. Despite such desirable antifouling properties, molecular-level understanding of …