Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge
variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple …

The heart automaticity is a fundamental physiological function in higher organisms. The
spontaneous activity is initiated by specialized populations of cardiac cells generating …

Receptors on cell membranes sense a variety of signals such as neurotransmitters,
hormones, and light. The vast majority of such receptors are coupled to G proteins, which …

Beta1-and beta2-adrenoceptors in heart muscle cells mediate the catecholamine-induced
increase in the force and frequency of cardiac contraction. Recently, in addition, we …

Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, can transduce a variety of
signals from seven-transmembrane-type receptors to intracellular effectors. By whole-exome …

Molecular cloning studies have shown that G-protein-coupled receptors form one of the
largest protein families found in nature, and it is estimated that approximately 1000 different …

The G-protein-mediated signalling system has evolved as one of the most widely used
transmembrane signalling mechanisms in mammalian organisms. All mammalian cells …

Mice lacking the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein Gq (Gαq)
are viable but suffer from ataxia with typical signs of motor discoordination. The anatomy of …

Disease-causing mutations often reveal key pathways of physiologic regulation and their
underlying molecular mechanisms. Mutations in the trimeric guanine nucleotide-binding …

The G protein Go is highly expressed in neurons and mediates effects of a group of
rhodopsin-like receptors that includes the opioid, α2-adrenergic, M2 muscarinic, and …