Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling are
exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator …

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is being broadly studied in clinical trials. Contrary to the
early paradigm of cell replacement and differentiation as a therapeutic mechanism of action …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal human cancers due to its
complicated genomic instability. PDAC frequently presents at an advanced stage with …

BACKGROUND TGFβ is a member of a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that includes
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins and other related factors. Mammals have …

We present an integromic analysis of gene alterations that modulate transforming growth
factor β (TGF-β)-Smad-mediated signaling in 9,125 tumor samples across 33 cancer types in …

The execution of complex biological processes requires the precise interaction and
regulation of thousands of molecules. Systematic approaches to study large numbers of …

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers are molecules specifically expressed in ES cells.
Understanding of the functions of these markers is critical for characterization and …

Introduction: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a pivotal role
in tumor suppression and yet, paradoxically, in tumor promotion. Functional context …

The formation of epithelial cell barriers results from the defined spatiotemporal differentiation
of stem cells into a specialized and polarized epithelium, a process termed mesenchymal …

Introduction 3. Stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells 4. Mesenchymal stem cell lineages
4.1. Myogenic lineage 4.2. Adipogenic lineage 4.3. Chondrogenic lineage 4.4. Osteogenic …