Biofilm formation is a major concern in various sectors and cause severe problems to public
health, medicine, and industry. Bacterial biofilm formation is a major persistent threat, as it …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

The formation of multicellular microbial communities, called biofilms, starts from the
adhesion of a few planktonic cells to the surface. The transition from a free-living planktonic …

Biofilm formation in living organisms is associated to tissue and implant infections, and it has
also been linked to the contribution of antibiotic resistance. Thus, understanding biofilm …

Microbes are known to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. These biofilms are communities
of microbes encased in a self-produced matrix that often contains polysaccharides, DNA and …

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, in most cases, which are resistant usually to broad-
spectrum antibiotics in their typical concentrations or even in higher doses. A trend of …

Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the
beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer or …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a
wide range of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa poses a potential threat to human health …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical,
industrial and natural settings. In fact, life in a biofilm probably represents the predominate …