Multiple large-scale restoration strategies are emerging globally to counteract ecosystem
degradation and biodiversity loss. However, restoration often remains insufficient to offset …

Phenotypic plasticity (the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in
response to variation in the environment) is commonplace. Yet its evolutionary significance …

The relationship between genotype (which is inherited) and phenotype (the target of
selection) is mediated by environmental inputs on gene expression, trait development, and …

Genomics promises exciting advances towards the important conservation goal of
maximizing evolutionary potential, notwithstanding associated challenges. Here, we explore …

Intelligence can have an extremely high heritability, but also be malleable; a paradox that
has been the source of continuous controversy. Here we attempt to clarify the issue, and …

Background Most, if not all, organisms possess the ability to alter their phenotype in direct
response to changes in their environment, a phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity …

Most protein mutations, and mutations that alter protein functions in particular, undermine
stability and are therefore deleterious. Chaperones, or heat-shock proteins, are often …

The origin of tetrapods from their fish antecedents, approximately 400 million years ago, was
coupled with the origin of terrestrial locomotion and the evolution of supporting limbs …

Why isn't random variation always deleterious? Are there factors that sometimes make
adaptation easier? Biological systems are extraordinarily robust to perturbation by …

Rapid climate change both imposes strong selective pressures on natural populations–
potentially reducing their growth rate and causing genetic evolution–and affects the …