Simple Summary Good animal welfare requires minimizing suffering and promoting positive
experiences. To achieve this, we need reliable indicators of animals' psychological states. In …

Primates are distinguished from other mammals by their heavy reliance on the visual sense,
which occurred as a result of natural selection continually favoring those individuals whose …

Throughout human evolutionary history, snakes have been associated with danger and
threat. Research has shown that snakes are prioritized by our attentional system, despite …

Simple Summary Although there are many articles about reptiles, no one has ever studied
the human perception of reptiles as a whole, a group that would include representatives of …

To investigate a specificity of spiders as a prototypical fear-and disgust-eliciting stimuli, we
conducted an online experiment. The respondents rated images of 25 spiders, 12 non …

Detecting predators is essential for survival. Given that snakes are the first of primates' major
predators, natural selection may have fostered efficient snake detection mechanisms to …

Simple Summary In animal phobia research, one of the most attractive topics has been
arachnophobia—the specific phobia of spiders. In this study, we explore the apparent …

Predatory snakes are argued to have been largely responsible for the origin of primates via
selection favoring expansion of the primate visual system, and even today snakes can be …

The emotional Stroop task is a paradigm commonly applied in human studies to investigate
how emotionally laden stimuli interfere with cognitive processes. Recent modifications of this …

The privileged processing of threat stimuli, even in the absence of visual awareness, has
been associated with a subcortical superior colliculus (SC)—pulvinar pathway to the …