This review summarizes the current literature and the open questions regarding the
physiology and pathophysiology of the mechanical effects of heart rate on the vessel wall …

The vascular endothelium starts to age at the first heartbeat. There is no longer a need to
demonstrate that an increased resting heart rate—above 70 bpm—is associated with the …

Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM),
which has been identified as a major predisposing factor for heart failure in diabetic patients …

Timely reperfusion is the only way to salvage ischemic myocardium from impending
infarction. However, reperfusion also adds a further component to myocardial injury such …

OBJECTIVES: Although treatment with ivabradine reduces the incidence of hospital
admissions for myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation, there are no data …

Background and Purpose In pigs, ivabradine reduces infarct size even when given only at
reperfusion and in the absence of heart rate reduction. The mechanism of this non‐heart …

Background and Purpose—Vascular effects of mental stress are only partially understood.
Therefore, we studied effects of chronic stress and heart rate (HR) on endothelial function …

Objective To evaluate the effect of heart rate reduction by ivabradine on coronary collateral
function in patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods This was a …

Aims Collateral arteries protect tissue from ischaemia. Heart rate correlates with vascular
events in patients with arterial obstructive disease. Here, we tested the effect of heart-rate …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent clinical data suggest beneficial effects of
ivabradine, a specific heart rate (HR)‐lowering drug, in heart failure patients. However, the …