Many bacterial pathogens have evolved the ability to subvert and exploit host functions in
order to enter and replicate in eukaryotic cells. For example, bacteria have developed …

Bacteria have acquired multiple systems to expose proteins on their surface, release them in
the extracellular environment or even inject them into a neighboring cell. Protein secretion …

In the course of infecting their hosts, pathogenic bacteria secrete numerous effectors,
namely, bacterial proteins that pervert host cell biology. Many Gram-negative bacteria …

Many pathogenic bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) to deliver effectors (T4SEs)
into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, causing diseases. The identification of effectors is a …

Type IV secreted effectors (T4SEs) can be translocated into the cytosol of host cells via type
IV secretion system (T4SS) and cause diseases. However, experimental approaches to …

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. S.
maltophilia is also a risk factor for lung exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients. S …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile and membrane-spanning
apparatuses, which mediate both genetic exchange and delivery of effector proteins to target …

Gram-negative bacteria harness multiple protein secretion systems and secrete a large
proportion of the proteome. Proteins can be exported to periplasmic space, integrated into …

“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”(Lso) has emerged as a serious threat world-wide.
Five Lso haplotypes have been identified so far. Haplotypes A and B are present in the …

Ehrlichia is a large genus of obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria transmitted by
ticks that cause several emerging infectious diseases in humans and are pathogenic on …