Anemia of inflammation (AI), also known as anemia of chronic disease (ACD), is regarded
as the most frequent anemia in hospitalized and chronically ill patients. It is prevalent in …

Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms
compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential …

Objectives Studies reported associations of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-
19, but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to provide an overview of the association …

The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities
gathered under the term “hyperferritinemic syndromes” and including macrophage activation …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

Iron is essential in many physiological processes, including DNA metabolism, oxygen
transport, and cellular energy generation. Deregulated iron metabolism, which results in iron …

In vertebrates, transferrin (Tf) safely delivers iron through circulation to cells. Tf-bound iron is
incorporated through Tf receptor (TfR) 1-mediated endocytosis. TfR1 can mediate cellular …

Hemochromatosis (HC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder in which uncontrolled
intestinal iron absorption may lead to progressive iron overload (IO) responsible for …

Iron is an essential element required by cells and has been described as a key player in
ferroptosis. Ferritin operates as a fundamental iron storage protein in cells forming …

Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and
homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of …