Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted
mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The classification of CKD by
KDOQI and KDIGO and the routine eGFR reporting have resulted in increased identification …

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality,
despite progress in medical care. Although the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage …

The Na-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 mediates high-capacity glucose uptake in the early
proximal tubule and SGLT2 inhibitors are developed as new antidiabetic drugs. We used …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a major component of the health burden
associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recent advances have produced an explosion …

Purpose of review: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by
alterations in kidney architecture and function, and constitutes one of the leading causes of …

OBJECTIVE We investigated in a cross-sectional study the levels of serum and urinary
damage markers in diabetic patients (n= 94) and nondiabetic control subjects (n= 45) to …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequent and severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Its diagnosis in incipient stages may allow prompt interventions and an improved prognosis …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in the Western
world. Microalbuminuria (MA) is the earliest and most commonly used clinical index of DN …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes associated
with adverse outcomes of renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality …