In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products
or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects …

Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various
roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization …

Abstract The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays many important roles in development,
homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The critical function of Hh signalling in bone formation has …

Bone never forms without vascular interactions. This simple statement of fact does not
adequately reflect the physiological and pharmacological implications of the relationship …

Background: Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous
osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone …

Recent adaptive radiations are models for investigating mechanisms contributing to the
evolution of biodiversity. An unresolved question is the relative importance of new mutations …

Neural crest cells (NCCs) comprise a multipotent, migratory cell population that generates a
diverse array of cell and tissue types during vertebrate development. These include cartilage …

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is highly conserved among species and plays indispensable roles
in various developmental processes. There are three Hh members in mammals; one of …

The gastrointestinal tract is enveloped by concentric and orthogonally aligned layers of
smooth muscle; however, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these muscles …

Distraction osteogenesis is a bone-regenerative process in which an osteotomy is followed
by distraction of the surrounding vascularized bone segments, with formation of new bone …