In an urbanization process, infrastructure elements such as tunnels and deep excavations
are widely used to service the development of cities. Owing to the lengthy geological …

Thanks to advances in tunnel boring machine (TBM) and monitoring, significant progress
has been achieved in the application of soft computing techniques for the optimization of …

Estimating surface settlement induced by excavation construction is an indispensable task in
tunneling, particularly for earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machines. In this study …

This study investigates the coupled effect of the soil spatial variations and the disturbance of
ground surface on the existing tunnel using random finite difference method (RFDM). The …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been gradually used in predicting tunneling-
induced settlement, but there is no uniform process for establishing ML models and even …

In order to determine the appropriate model for predicting the maximum surface settlement
caused by EPB shield tunneling, three artificial neural network (ANN) methods, back …

Shield tunnels in soft deposits are often subjected to differential settlement and longitudinal
structural deformation during long-term operation. Since the shear stiffness in circumferential …

Long-term settlement is essential to operational tunnel safety. In this study, a systematic
method for analysing shield tunnel settlement during the operation period is proposed. First …

Predicting the tunneling-induced maximum ground surface settlement is a complex problem
since the settlement depends on plenty of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study …

Settlement control is an essential part of the tunnel construction process. This paper
proposes two novel computational models based on the Random Forest (RF) algorithm for …