Chemically fueled autonomous molecular machines are catalysis-driven systems governed
by Brownian information ratchet mechanisms. One fundamental principle behind their …

Non‐equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest,
including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic …

Coupling a photochemical reaction to a thermal exchange process can drive the latter to a
nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) under photoirradiation. Typically, systems use separate …

Aiming at the construction of novel soft actuators through the amplified motions of molecular
machines at the nanoscale, the design and synthesis of a new family of photoresponsive …

Pum** ions against a concentration gradient through protein-based transporters is a
cornerstone of numerous biological processes. Mimicking this function by using artificial …

Biomolecular machines are driven by information ratchet mechanisms, where kinetic
asymmetry in the machine's chemomechanical cycle of fuel-to-waste catalysis induces net …

Photoswitches are molecular systems that are chemically transformed subsequent to
interaction with light and they find potential application in many new technologies. The …

An energy ratchet mechanism is exploited for the synthesis of a molecule. In the presence of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hydrazone‐bond formation between an aldehyde and …

Scientists have long been fascinated by the biomolecular machines in living systems that
process energy and information to sustain life. The first synthetic molecular rotor capable of …

Molecular nonequilibrium systems hold great promises for the nanotechnology of the future.
Yet, their development is slowed by the absence of an informative representation. Indeed …